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Running Ubuntu Linux Ubuntu Linux (www.ubuntu.com) has experienced a meteoric rise in popularity since its first release at the end of 2004. Relying on a handful of developers from the Debian, Arch Linux, GNOME, and other open source projects, Ubuntu has become one of the leading Linux distributions in the world. Ubuntu is an African word that means humanity to others.
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Chapter 16 . Running Mandriva 439 management enables you to install, uninstall, and update software from a consistent and user-friendly graphical interface. If you need to add or troubleshoot hardware, Mandriva provides graphical configuration tools (HardDrake) to make the task easier after the initial installation, and DrakX for detection during the installation. If you join the Mandrivaclub, there s a wealth of support and application downloads available. Finally, in this chapter you went through the installation of a desktop configuration that involved resizing an existing NTFS partition without destroying the Windows 2000 Server installation that used the partition. . . .
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438 Part III . Choosing and Installing a Linux Distribution 14. If you have a working Internet connection, you can take advantage of the Web update feature of the installation process. It looks for patches and updated installation packages to make sure your current install is as up to date as possible. Make your selection and click Next. 15. In the final installer screen are two very important buttons: Advanced and Reboot. The Advanced button enables you to create automated installation floppies. These are very handy if you need to install a large number of Mandriva systems or if you plan to reinstall your existing system often, as you might in a testing environment. There are two options for the installation floppies. The first is the Fully Automated Install method, which allows no user interaction and results in installations that are identical. The second is the Replay Installation method. Most of it is automated, but you can interact at critical junctures and change the configuration settings. This is useful if your hardware is identical, but each system requires some customization. After you ve created your installation floppies, click the Reboot button to complete your installation. If you elect to not create installation floppies, click Reboot as well. 16. Before jumping into Mandriva, you need to check the status of your coexisting Windows installation. Select the Windows entry from the Linux boot loader and launch Windows. Windows NT, 2000, XP, and 2003 Server should launch CHKDSK to examine the integrity of the partition and then reboot. 17. After you ve verified that Windows has survived, you are ready to dive into Mandriva. From Windows, perform a restart. When the computer boots back to the Linux boot loader, either select the Linux option from the boot loader, or just let it load itself (Linux is the default option). Summary Although Mandriva may not be as widely known as other Linux distributions, it is arguably one of the most accessible version for novice desktop users. It is especially useful to those who want their Linux installations to exist alongside Windows installations that may not have free partitions for a dedicated Mandriva installation. This chapter explores some of the defining features of Mandriva, including the installer, which incorporates the capability to resize existing Windows partitions nondestructively; an RPM package management (RPMDrake); and system configuration tools. In addition to enabling you to wedge a Linux installation onto a 100 percent Windows partition, the Mandriva installer reliably detects your hardware and provides you with the option of simplified or very granular package selection. The RPM package
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Chapter 16 . Running Mandriva 437 files, which will install Kernel version 2.4 instead of Kernel 2.6. Unless you know you need the LSB group, leave it unchecked. Individual package selection If one-size-fits-all package groups just don t cut it for you, you can elect to install individual packages. To do this, check the Individual Package Selection box at the bottom of the Package Group Selection window and then click Next. If later you find a need to add or remove packages, just invoke the RPMDrake utility described earlier in this chapter. When you ve selected the packages you want, click Next. If you have gone into the individual package selection window, you need to click the Install button when you finish making your selection. Alternatively, you can click Previous if you want to return to the simplified package selection window. 9. The installation process copies files and sets your configuration options. All you need to do is watch the progress bar move from left to right, swap CDs when prompted, and read the informative space filler that is displayed. 10. In the next screen, you re prompted to set the root password. Make it a good one (and remember it)! Click the Next button when you re done. 11. Create the user accounts that you need. You can select the icon each user will click to log on. (I am partial to the ostrich, but after much consideration I picked the palm trees and white sand.) When you are done creating any users, click Next. 12. In the next window, you are given a choice about using automatic user logon. By default, the auto logon check box is selected. This is a lifesaver for users who are moving from a non-authenticating operating system such as many versions of Windows and some Apple operating systems to Linux. For the casual home user, this option is just fine. For situations in which access control to the computer (locally) is important, clear this box and have the users log on individually. Without the automatic logon feature enabled, users are prompted for a username and password each time they need to access the computer. Leave the box checked or uncheck it, and click Next. 13. Next up is the DrakX installer s device configuration screen. Here you can see the hardware that has been detected, and you can configure the devices if you choose. You can also attempt to configure devices not properly detected earlier in the installation process. For example, if your sound card is not set up, click the corresponding Configure button. You are asked a series of questions (depending on the device), and then DrakX attempts to detect and configure the device. If this still fails, you get a message recommending that after Mandriva is installed, you use HardDrake to configure your device. This is a good time to configure your desktop settings and test them. Locate the desktop configuration options and set your resolution, color depth, and refresh rate. When you are finished exploring the options of DrakX, click Next.
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436 Part III . Choosing and Installing a Linux Distribution the process is not perfect, and you can end up with a working Mandriva install and a sizeable, useless Windows partition. If all went well, you now have an unformatted partition available. Click the empty partition and create the native Linux partitions you need or want. After you ve sorted all your partitions in the manner you would like, click Done. A warning message asks if you re sure you want to do this. Click OK and the deed is done. 8. The next screen gives you the option of selecting packages to install on your Linux system. Mandriva offers a set of general package groups that you can use to meet general configuration goals. These four prefab package groups are: Make sure that you have selected the Higher or Paranoid security level if you plan to expose this server to inbound connections from the Internet or other public network. If you fail to do so, you increase your risk of unauthorized intrusion to your server and any other devices to which it has access. Workstation options You can choose to install productivity, multimedia, and some more advanced user tools. Each subgroup is individually selectable. Productivity software (in the Office Workstation group) is comprised of OpenOffice.org and a collection of time, financial, and document management tools. Your entertainment options (in the Game Station and Multimedia Station groups) include multimedia playback applications and a set of arcade-style games. A number of networkrelated package groups (Network Computer and Internet Station groups) are available for Web browsers, e-mail clients, news readers, and network client (NFS) utilities. For configuring your system, you have the option to install console tools (Console Tools group) and graphical configuration (Configuration group) utilities. Should you plan to use the computer for scientific analysis and study, you can install some useful applications by selecting the Scientific Workstation package group. The Office Workstation, Multimedia Station, Internet Station, Configuration, and Console Tool package groups are selected by default. Server options Package groups for server services fall into Web/FTP, Mail, Database, Firewall/Router, and Network Computer Server groups. If you want to experiment with these services, feel free to check all the server boxes, and install all of them. If you already know which package group you want to use (mail service, for example), install only the package group you need. Other options In addition to the server/workstation options, you can select the desktop environments that you would like installed (KDE, GNOME, Other). You can also elect to install comprehensive documentation and development applications. Also, if you need them for a development effort or testing, you can install the Linux Standard Base (LSB group) Caution
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Chapter 16 . Running Mandriva 435 Erase Wipes the existing hard disk in preparation for your install. This is a great option for critical server systems or if there is no data on the disk you need. Use free space on Microsoft Windows partition Exactly what it sounds like. You can use free disk space on the FAT, FAT32, or NTFS partition that houses your Windows installation to house your Mandriva install. Pretty nifty if you want both operating systems to be able to access all of the files on the system. Custom Here s where the real magic happens: You can create custom volumes, resize existing volumes, and in general torture your hard drives as much as you like. Selecting the Custom option opens a new window that shows all the existing hard drives and configured partitions. If your system has only an existing Windows installation on an NTFS partition, all that will be visible are the blue markers indicating a Windows partition. Once you click on the partition that you want to use for your Mandriva installation, a new option appears in the left portion of the disk configuration window. By clicking the Resize button, you can change the size (within limitations) of the existing NTFS partition. Give it a shot if you have the opportunity. Click the Resize button, and a new window appears. It has a slider that s all the way to the right by default. As you slide the indicator to the left, the corresponding value displayed gets smaller. This number reflects the size (in MB) that the NTFS partition will be after you ve completed the resizing operation. For example, if you have a 30GB NTFS partition and you want to free up 10GB of space for the creation of a set of native Linux partitions, simply slide the indicator from the maximum value of 30000MB to 20000MB, and you will have freed the required 10000MB. The amount of space you can create depends on the size of the disk, how much data is stored, and whether the partition has been defragmented. To find out the degree to which you can resize the partition, move the slider all the way to the left. That displays the smallest size you can make the existing Windows partition. There is a catch to resizing NTFS partitions. The 2.6 Linux kernel misreports hard disk geometries, and the incorrect information can cause a flawed partition table to be written to the disk at the end of the resize. See www.mlf.linux.rulez .org/mlf/ezaz/ntfsresize.html#troubleshoot for more details. When you ve selected the size you want, click the Next button. You are shown a warning to make sure you have backed up any information you depend on before performing the partition resizing. If you re ready to commit, click OK. It is foolish to tinker with partitions and volumes if you have important information on them and no backup. Resizing is a pretty predictable process, but Caution
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434 Part III . Choosing and Installing a Linux Distribution 3. The main boot screen appears, prompting you to either press the F1 key for more options or press the Enter key to set up Mandriva. Press the Enter key. If you hit F1 during the initial setup screen, you can see a wide range of installation options that are not explored in detail here. After pressing F1 you receive a prompt (boot:) and you can enter a variety of commands to begin different installation routines. You can run a low-resolution, GUI-based, text-based installation, go back to the standard DrakX install, or enter an expert graphical installation. In the expert mode of installation you can configure the most mundane details of your system. It is generally wise to invoke F1 and use the expert graphical installation if you are building a server because it enables you to configure a static IP on your network card. It is also in this F1 menu that you can access the rescue feature to attempt the recovery of failed installations of Mandriva. 4. In the next screen, select the appropriate language for your Mandriva installation. (If you need support for multiple languages, you can opt to install multiple language packages by using the Advanced button on this screen.) When you re finished, click Next. 5. The license agreement appears. To continue with your installation, agree to the software s licensing conditions by selecting the Accept radio button. Click Next to move on. 6. Setting your security level is critical if you plan to use your installation to provide services to other computers. This screen presents four security configuration options from which you can choose a security level: Standard Designed for a typical desktop client that will connect to the Internet. High Implements some access restrictions and performs daily checks of the system for signs of unwanted activity. Higher Enough security to reasonably allow inbound server services (Web, FTP, and such) on your server. Paranoid Basically lock down. The maximum local security available, this level enables you to tighten up everything and open ports and access as you see fit. Not for the faint of heart. Keep on top of current Mandriva security-related patches and updates by regularly checking the Mandriva security advisories page, www.mandriva.com/security/ advisories. After you select your security level, click Next. 7. The next screen begins the disk partitioning portion of the Mandriva installation. (General guidance regarding the size and types of partitions you ll need is included in Chapter 7.) The DrakX partition program gives you three general configuration options: Tip Note
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Chapter 16 . Running Mandriva 433 Wi-Fi network adapters, USB 2.0, and other hardware make your chances of installation and configuration success very high. If you want to make sure your hardware is supported by Mandriva, go to www .mandrivalinux.com/en/hardware.php3 and use the search tool to see if your hardware is on the list. The Web site also includes suggestions for what to do if your hardware is not on the supported/tested devices list. Hardware is sorted into four categories: Not Supported, Known (reported working), Tested, and Certified. This installation requires no special hard disk configuration. As mentioned, this install assumes a preexisting Microsoft Windows operating system using the NTFS file system. You will make room on the existing partition and install Mandriva there. In addition to using a boot disk (as you will here), you can take advantage of the installation options such as FTP and NFS as outlined briefly in this chapter and in more detail in Chapter 7. Do not make your first installation attempt on a mission-critical system. Resizing an NTFS partition can have unintended effects. Back up any information you cannot live without, especially if you resize existing partitions as the following instructions show. Begin the DrakX Installation You have a PC that can handle Mandriva, and you have your installation CDs; it s time to begin. Installation time varies based on how fast your hardware is and how big a partition you choose to resize. On a system with a PIII800, 512MB of RAM, 30GB IDE hard disk, 40X CD-ROM, and an existing NTFS partition with Microsoft Windows (2000 Server SP4), the installation takes approximately 30 to 40 minutes. Here s what to do: 1. Back up all your vital information. 2. With all three CDs ready to go (from the retail box set or your downloaded images), insert CD 1 and start your computer. If the BIOS didn t catch the CD and boot from it, press Ctrl+Alt+Delete to restart. If it does not boot to the DrakX installer, make sure that your BIOS is configured to boot the CD first, and then restart. If you don t see the installation screen, your CD-ROM drive may not be bootable. You may be able to make the drive bootable, however. Here s how: Restart the computer. Immediately, you should see a message telling you how to go into setup, such as by pressing the F1, F2, or Del key. Enter setup and look for an option such as Boot Options or Boot From. If the value is A: First, Then C:, change it to CD-ROM First, Then C: or something similar. Save the changes and try to install again. Tip Caution Note
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432 Part III . Choosing and Installing a Linux Distribution The process you ll go through later in this chapter uses the boot CD installation method alongside an existing Microsoft Windows installation that is using the NTFS file system. Appendix A explains how to burn the installation CDs from the CD images. The Right Hardware for Mandriva As with software packages, look before you leap. It is important to make sure your hardware is up to the task before you install Mandriva. Fear not, users of less-thanstellar hardware; the hardware requirements are far from onerous. To use Mandriva you need (or you can use): . x586 class processor or above The Intel Pentium I IV, AMD K6/II/III, Duron, or Athlon/XP/MP. . RAM For the text installation, you will need 32MB of memory. If you plan to use the GUI, the minimum is 64MB, but 128MB is recommended. . Hard disk 500MB of SCSI, IDE, or Serial ATA hard disk space is the bare minimum required. 1GB is recommended, and if you decide to install additional packages, you should have at lease 2GB of free disk space available. . RAID controllers There is wide support for SCSI RAID controllers. In addition, 3Ware IDE and Serial ATA controllers are also supported. . DVD or CD drive To run the installation from a CD/DVD source disk, you need the appropriate drive. This drive will need to support bootable CD/DVD media. . Input/Output Of course, if you want to interact with your Mandriva install, you ll at least need a keyboard and a monitor. A mouse is not needed for the installation, but it is handy and recommended. For those who live life on the bleeding edge, there is a separate distribution of Mandriva that supports the AMD Athlon64 processor. This distribution is available currently only as a commercial product from the retail side of Mandriva, www .mandriva.com. As you can see from the system specifications, you can use a wide range of hardware to run your Mandriva installation. Do you have an old P233 with 64MB of RAM, a CD-ROM, and a blank 540MB hard disk? No problem. How about a gaming war machine sporting a 3.2 GHz P4, 1GB of RAM, DVD-R, and an ocean of hard disk space? Bring it on! The vast assortment of hardware supported includes popular video cards such as NVIDIA FX series and ATI Radeon video adapters. Large numbers of Ethernet and Note Cross- Reference
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Chapter 16 . Running Mandriva 431 Mandriva Forums If you have any interest in tracking product development and maybe getting a little help if you need it, you ll want to keep on top of Mandriva news, forums, and Linux User Groups (LUGs). For Mandriva product news, it s hard to beat the Mandriva news Web site at www.mandriva.com/company/press/prs. This site contains regular updates on Mandriva development and the activities of Mandriva. User forums are a priceless tool for finding solutions to problems, getting involved in software-related projects, or just connecting with other Mandriva users. The Mandriva users forum (www.mandrivausers.org) is a great one with especially in-depth information on installation and configuration. The Mandrivaclub forums (www.mandrivaclub.com) are also popular. You get temporary free access to Mandrivaclub when you purchase any retail Mandriva product, or you can separately enroll in the club and make use of its services. If you find you like Mandriva and will be using it long term, it s probably a good idea to join the Mandrivaclub because you ll have access to official support and your funds will help the development of the product. Another critical resource for information on all things Linux is your local Linux user group (LUG). Each LUG is different, but you are apt to find a number of like-minded users with whom to interact in a variety of situations. If you have no idea how to find the nearest LUG, you can try a directory such as GLUE (Groups of Linux Users Everywhere), located at www.ssc.com:8080/glue/groups. Search for your location or one nearby and make contact. Installing Mandriva Limited Edition To get up to your elbows as quickly as possible, you need to snag the CD images for the Mandriva installation CDs. Downloading these is not for the weak of heart the three images top 2GB! To get the installation images, head to the Mandriva Web site (www.mandriva.com/en-us) and click the Download link. Although the project encourages contributions, you are not required to make one. When you get to the download page, scroll to the bottom. You can either join the Mandriva Linux Users Club (costs money, takes time) or you can opt to join at some future time and move on to the FTP/HTTP mirror list for the various distributions. Alternatively, you can scroll back to the top of the download page and click the Download link one or two more times. That will take you directly to the FTP/HTTP mirrors list without agreeing to anything. Check back often because the list seems to change regularly and is considerably smaller than it once was.
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