318 Part III . Choosing and Installing a (X web hosting)
318 Part III . Choosing and Installing a Linux Distribution Package Management Using dpkg As mentioned earlier, the dpkg utility is the core package management tool in Debian. Most other package management tools within the system, including APT, use dpkg to perform the midlevel work, and dpkg in turn uses dpkg-deb and dpkg-query to handle a number of the low-level functions. In most cases, you will want to use APT or Aptitude for package management, and use dpkg in only a few situations. Far too many commands associated with dpkg exist to list in this chapter, but the most common ones are explained in the following sections. In most cases, there are both short and long commands to perform the same function. Use whichever is easier for you to remember. Installing and Removing Packages Packages can be installed with dpkg using the -i or –install flags and the path to the .deb file containing the package. The path must be accessible as a file system path (HTTP, FTP, and other methods are not supported), and more than one package can be specified: # dpkg –install /home/wayne/lsof_4.71-1_i386.deb Package removal through dpkg is also straightforward and is done with the -r or –remove commands. When configuration files are to be removed, the -P or –purge command can be used instead. Both commands can also be used to specify multiple packages to remove: # dpkg –remove lsof or… # dpkg –purge lsof Querying the Package Database You will often need to obtain more information about packages that are already installed on your system. Because these operations do not modify the package database, they can be done as a non-root user. To list all packages known to dpkg, use the -l or –list commands: $ dpkg –list You can restrict the list by specifying a glob pattern: $ dpkg –list *lsof*
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