66 Part I . Linux First (Web site construction) Steps The
66 Part I . Linux First Steps The touch command creates empty files. The next few commands show you how to use shell metacharacters with the ls command to match filenames. Try the following commands to see if you get the same responses: $ ls a* apple $ ls g* grape grapefruit $ ls g*t grapefruit $ ls *e* apple grape grapefruit watermelon $ ls *n* banana watermelon The first example matches any file that begins with an a (apple). The next example matches any files that begin with g (grape, grapefruit). Next, files beginning with g and ending in t are matched (grapefruit). Next, any file that contains an e in the name is matched (apple, grape, grapefruit, watermelon). Finally, any file that contains an n is matched (banana, watermelon). Here are a few examples of pattern matching with the question mark (?): $ ls ????e apple grape $ ls g???e* grape grapefruit The first example matches any five-character file that ends in e (apple, grape). The second matches any file that begins with g and has e as its fifth character (grape, grapefruit). Here are a couple of examples using braces to do pattern matching: $ ls [abw]* apple banana watermelon $ ls [agw]*[ne] apple grape watermelon In the first example, any file beginning with a, b, or w is matched. In the second, any file that begins with a, g, or w and also ends with either n or e is matched. You can also include ranges within brackets. For example: $ ls [a-g]* apple banana grape grapefruit Here, any filenames beginning with a letter from a through g is matched.
We recommend high quality webhost to host and run your jsp application: christian web host services.