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430 Part III . Choosing and Installing a Linux Distribution You can also use it adjust your default system security levels, change your display options, schedule events, manage user accounts, and even change the system time/date setting. The MCC uses a number of installation and configuration wizards to help you get rolling. For example, a wizard for Apache Web server setup enables you to get your HTTP server online in just a few minutes. Some of the key improvements and features of MCC in Mandriva 10 are: . Secure, remote system configuration from any network. . Automatic detection of hot swappable devices without restarting the system. . Large icons that are easy to see and appropriately related to the functions they invoke. The Mandriva Community Like many distributions of Linux, Mandriva Linux has developed a split personality of sorts. Mandriva distributes value-added versions of Mandriva complete with numerous utilities, applications, and support. The core Mandriva development effort produces an unsupported, but just as useful, version of the core Mandriva build. With this free copy, you get the OS and the basic utilities and applications but no access to the Mandrivaclub. Mandrivaclub allows folks with a paid membership to access early builds, the full suite of downloadable one-click applications, forums, support, and downloads of current releases using its club-member only bit torrent system. It also gives you access to Commercial software (such as Flash plug-ins and NVIDIA drivers) that cannot be freely distributed. For someone trying to make Linux a desktop system for use by folks coming from Apple and Microsoft GUI operating systems, these added features are extremely useful. RPM Repository on Mandrivaclub The Mandrivaclub Web site (www.mandrivaclub.com) has a massive collection of software that is tested for use with Mandriva and is directly accessible to members. (A nonmember can view the available packages, but he will not be able to access the files until he or she provides a valid Mandrivaclub membership.) A search tool and various precompiled lists by category, creation date, product name, maintaining organization/user, and distributor are features of this site. If you don t have access to the RPM files on Mandrivaclub, you can find volumes of RPM packaged applications at www.rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/. This site uses the same indexing technology as Mandrakeclub, including support for searching and indexes. Note
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Chapter 16 . Running Mandriva 429 . Upgrades The only constant thing is change. Very clich , but in the world of software development, it is very true. The DrakX installer supports an upgrade path to bring older installs up to snuff with the newest release. You can try out the DrakX installer in the walk-through included in this chapter. RPM Package Management with RPMDrake Adding software to and removing software from your Linux installation should not be a time-consuming chore. RPMDrake provides an intuitive graphical interface for managing installed software. You can easily see what is installed and add or remove packages as needed. Once you open RPMDrake, there are a few things you should know: . You can configure your list of sources by invoking the Define Sources feature. This enables you to specify the location of installable packages, which could be local network locations, CD-ROM media, or HTTP/FTP archives of installation packages. There is a List of Mirrors option that you can refresh to make sure you re ready to get access to the latest security and system updates. . Using the Mandriva Update button is probably the easiest way to maintain your system because it automatically downloads and installs updates for your system when you initiate the updates. . You need the root password when installing packages. RPMDrake prompts you for it as needed. . RPMDrake offers improved upgrade support. You can use it to scan for software updates, download them, and offer them in the list of installable programs for the user to select. RPMDrake supports a search feature that enables you to use a variety of criteria to search for desired software within configured sources. You can search by package name, or you can search based on a description. Either way, once you find the package you want, simply select the target package and use the Install/Remove button to get going. But what if you just want to remove software? This is a very straightforward process as well. Locate the package you want to remove under the Installed Applications tab. Select it, and click the Install/Remove button. The package, along with any that depend on it, is removed from the system. (You may also choose not to remove the dependent packages.) Mandriva Control Center The Mandriva Control Center (MCC), also called DrakConf, provides an intuitive and accessible means of configuring various system resources. You can use this tool to add new hardware, configure installed applications, add or remove applications (by invoking RPMDrake), and change the configuration of your existing hardware.
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428 Part III . Choosing and Installing a Linux Distribution In addition, there are a few tools that make a particularly big impact on the usability and consistency of Mandriva. These utilities are DrakX, RPMDrake, and Control Center. Mandriva Installer (DrakX) DrakX is a highly acclaimed and user-friendly installer that has been one of Mandriva s key differentiators against other Linux builds. Included since version Mandrakelinux 7.0, this installer was one of the first attempts at automated installers that most novice Linux users could successfully use. Although the installer is almost newbie -proof, it s still possible to invoke advanced installation options enabling detailed control of the install at any point during the installation process. As with most versions of Linux, you can install from a boot CD, another drive, or a network. Here are the key features of the DrakX installer included in the current version of Mandriva: . Convenient installation configuration options using predefined packages, rather than requiring you to choose individual packages from the wide selection that is available. You can select individual packages if you do not want to use one of the predefined package options. Workstation and Server Package groups are available for various roles and needs, for example. . The ability to format hard disks, configure RAID, and resize partitions of many types, including NTFS, FAT32, EXT3, ReiserFS, and XFS. . Support for a wide range of network file systems. . Improved upgrade support. . Automated installation tools. . Rescue mode for failed/problematic installation. In addition to the straightforward boot CD, the DrakX installer supports a number of other installation methods, including: . Network installs If needed, you can start the DrakX installation process and connect to a variety of network servers to access the installation files. This includes NFS, HTTP, SBM, SSH, Web Proxy, and FTP servers. . Kickstart installs In environments such as customer support call centers, school computer labs, and large offices, you might find yourself needing to install and configure large numbers of computers in a short period of time. Kickstart installations use an answer file to automate most of the installation process. Mandriva s installation routine enables you to create floppies to use when performing kickstart installations. Mandriva enables you to make semiinteractive or completely automated setup floppies.
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Chapter 16 . Running Mandriva 427 . Mandriva Corporate Server Along with popular server software (Apache, MySQL, Samba, and so on), business-oriented Mandriva products come with more extensive product support. Both the Corporate and Premium Corporate Server products come with 24/7 Web support, with a Web response time of two business days. Both offer unlimited phone support as well, with the premium package offering quicker response time and other extended options. If you just want to try out Mandriva, the Mandriva Linux Mini Limited Edition is available for download from the Mandriva download page mentioned earlier. Versions available for download include a three-CD Mandriva Linux Limited Edition, single DVD edition, and a one-CD Mini Limited Edition, so you can try out Mandriva before you purchase a product. Exploring Mandriva The Linux distribution that has now evolved into Mandriva has long hung its hat on the concept of ease of use, the idea being that its distributions should be readily accessible to a large pool of users. Mandrakelinux was heralded early on for its exceptional use of a graphical installer and configuration tools. Its quality support for hardware, video acceleration, and audio playback also tends to be top-notch. When coupled with the fact that the Mandrakelinux installer frequently detected and configured hardware that left other distributions installation routines mystified, you can see why Mandrakelinux has been, and will probably continue, under the name Mandriva to be, a popular distribution. Mandriva Limited Edition comes with a number of attractive features, including the following: . The largely automated installation process has new features such as the capability to resize NTFS partitions. . Hardware detection and configuration have been improved over previous Mandrakelinux releases. In particular, the security, printing, and user configuration tools have been completely overhauled to provide additional functionality and ease of use. . Updated versions of the RPM Package Manager and the Internet update software have improved the ease of installing new software as well as system patches. . Security maintenance is comprehensive. The Mandriva Limited Edition distribution includes easy-to-use configuration tools for setting general system security and setting up a firewall. Mandriva Limited Edition also supports a range of security protocols such as SSH, SSL, LDAP, and NIS. . The user interface is consistent across desktop environments.
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426 Part III . Choosing and Installing a Linux Distribution Mandriva Features Unlike other Linux distributions that are community-driven, Mandriva is a company that sells Linux products. Community-like activities are available through the Mandrivaclub, which is there more as a customer support type of activity than a Linux development center. Besides the merger with Conectiva, Mandriva also acquired the desktop-oriented Lycoris Linux distribution in June 2005. Therefore, the product offerings have changed significantly in the past year (expect changes to continue for a while as the dust settles). Actual Mandriva products are divided along the lines of business and home offerings. On the business side, products focus on corporate desktops and servers, as well as some specialty firewall and clustering products. To support those products, Mandriva offers a variety of consulting, support and training options. For the home, Linux products range from beginner desktop products to products aimed toward home and small office servers. With the acquisition of Lycoris, Mandriva is also offering a Lycoris desktop product. Lycoris was always respected for its ease-of-use. The latest version of Mandriva Linux as of this writing is Mandriva 10.2. Version numbers for business-oriented products follow a different scheme, with the latest business server product called Mandriva Linux Corporate Server 3.0. Here is a brief overview of the major Mandriva products: . Mandriva Discovery Designed with the entry-level desktop user in mind. The package includes basic productivity software such as OpenOffice, Kdeprintfax, and planning/finance software. Also included are the requisite networking tools for e-mail, FTP, and Web browsing. Several multimedia components are also installed enabling audio and video playback, image editing, and scanning documents as well as CD recording. . Mandriva Powerpack Includes all the features that Mandriva Discovery Edition has and adds a set of development tools that includes the Kdevelop integrated development environment, GCC GNU compiler collection, GDB GNU debugger, and others. Some non-free, commercial software is also included with this product, including Flash and Java plug-ins, Java Runtime Environment, and NVIDIA video card drivers. . Mandriva Powerpack+ Includes eight CDs and one DVD of software (more than 3,000 software packages in all) and two manuals. Along with the Mandriva complete desktop software, Mandriva Powerpack+ includes a range of server software, including Samba, MySQL, Postfix (e-mail), LDAP, and Apache, which are ready to use after the default installation, making this product well-suited to a network environment where a cost-effective, multipurpose server is needed.
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Running Mandriva Before becoming Mandriva Linux, Mandrakelinux was created as a fork of Red Hat Linux (in 1998). It initially had such tight ties to Red Hat Linux that the Mandrakelinux installer even stated that you were installing Red Hat. After those early days, Mandrakelinux became a solid distribution in its own right, with the main focus on an easy-to-use desktop distribution. It is often mentioned along with Linspire when people talk about the easiest distributions for someone new to Linux to install and use. From the beginning of 2005 to now, Mandrakelinux has gone from the brink of bankruptcy to its current incarnation as Mandriva, after MandrakeSoft (the parent company of Mandrakelinux) merged with Conectiva Linux in February 2005. Conectiva Linux is a South American based Linux company with goals similar to those of Mandrakelinux. MandrakeSoft and Conectiva announced the name change in April 2005. As a result, a large number of services have not yet been converted to the new name at the time of this writing. For this reason, you ll find references to both Mandriva and Mandrakelinux both in this chapter and within the Mandriva Limited Edition 2005 distribution. Mandriva is not on the DVD that comes with this book. To get a copy, visit the Mandrivaclub site (www.mandrivaclub.com/), where you are asked to join the Mandriva Users Club. You do not have to join the club to download, but the folks at Mandriva strongly encourage your financial participation. Alternatively, you can go to the Mandriva store (www. mandrivastore.com) and purchase boxed sets or pre-installed versions of Mandriva. Free downloads are available for the Mandriva Limited Edition DVD or three-CD set from FTP sites accessible from the Mandriva Linux Downloads page (www.mandrivalinux.com/ en/ftp.php3). Note 1C H A6P6T E R . . . . In This Chapter Exploring Mandriva The Mandriva community . . . .
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424 Part III . Choosing and Installing a Linux Distribution Because the existing partitioning options are very limited, integrating Linspire onto systems where a less-skilled user wants it to coexist with Windows might be tricky. It is likely that with some additional partitioning options (such as the Mandrakelinux implementation of the user-friendly NTFS resizing utility), Linspire could prove valuable to a huge range of users. While Linspire does support a wide range of both Windows and Linux applications, it is still difficult to run some of the more popular commercial Windows games and applications on it without having to go well beyond the graphical tools offered with the distribution. Presumably, because Linspire, Inc. has paid to include software for playing MP3 and a variety of video formats, Linspire can play many more types of multimedia content than other Linux systems can play out of the box. . . .
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Chapter 15 . Running Linspire 423 Linspire, the default option, boots into the Linspire operating system; you can select it or just wait for Linspire to load. Unless you have installed hardware since the last time you started Linspire or you are having some serious startup issues, always select the default option to launch Linspire. Redetect identifies installed hardware, which is useful if you ve added new items since your last installation. This is roughly equivalent to the plug-andplay functionality most Windows users enjoy. Diagnostics is an option used when you are experiencing some kind of server system issues, such as failed or improperly configured hardware. A series of applications run and the results of the detection and diagnosis are displayed. This screen can be very intimidating and difficult to interpret if you are not familiar with the Linux startup process. Select Linspire and the operating system finishes loading. 9. The First Time Setup window provides a button for setting the system time, a check box for agreeing to the Linspire license agreement, and an Advanced button that enables you to set or change the administrator (root) password; set the desktop (display) resolution that you prefer and that your hardware supports; and invoke the Linspire user tool User Manager, with which you can create new users, assign them capabilities, and delete them as needed. You also get one opportunity to rename your PC. You set the computer name and administrator password during startup, so there is not likely to be a reason to change them here, but you can if you like. With Linspire installed, with the exception of the few special Linspire applications (mostly associated with playing multimedia content and getting help), Linspire behaves like most KDE desktop systems, so you can learn how to get around the Linspire desktop using descriptions from Chapter 3. Summary Linspire may not excite the battle-hardened Linux-using community, but it serves as a positive example of a user-oriented desktop Linux system. Linspire is by far the most accessible version of Linux for new users. With a computer that has supported hardware, literally anyone can install Linspire and get up and running with new applications, Web surfing, and e-mail in a couple of hours. The Click-N-Run application takes ease of installation to a new level, making Linspire hopeful proof of the concept that a desktop version of Linux can succeed in the home and office. The installation walk-through at the end of the chapter demonstrates that there are some trade-offs for this ease of use.
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422 Part III . Choosing and Installing a Linux Distribution Both basic and advanced installations wipe out all data on the target drive/partition. Back up anything you think you might want to keep before proceeding. 1. Start the computer and boot the install CD. You ll see two options. The first is to install and the second is for running diagnostics. Select option 1 and press Enter, or simply wait and the installation proceeds after a few moments. 2. On the Install Type screen, you can select a basic or advanced installation. A basic installation is useful when you have only one hard disk and partition. An advanced installation enables you to select the hard disk and/or partition to which you want to install. Make your selection, and click Next. 3. The Select Computer Name and Password screen appears. You need to name the PC and provide an admin (root) password if you opt to provide one. For a home configuration replacing a Windows installation, for example, leaving the password blank might be acceptable. In any working environment or if the PC is not going to be shielded from the Internet, providing a strong root password is essential. When you have made your selection, click Next. 4. You re asked to confirm your computer name and the installation method you selected. If you are happy with your selections, click Next. 5. A Warning window asks you to make absolutely certain that you want to proceed. You are again warned that all data on the target drive/partition will be lost. You are given the options Yes, I am sure and Let me make changes. Select Yes, I am sure and you go to the next step. Select Let me make changes and you return to the installation type screen. At any point up to and including Step 5, you can use the Back button to review and/or change your previous configuration decisions. 6. The next screen indicates the progress of the installation process. Scrolling messages fill the space, and in a few minutes you see the message: Linspire setup complete press OK to restart your computer. Click OK. 7. A final message appears, instructing you to remove your CD and press any key. Your CD tray opens. Grab the CD and press any key. Your installation is complete. 8. When Linspire starts up, you can specify which startup path you would like to take. The startup options are called boot options, and there are three boot options in your startup screen (called the Linux Loader or LILO): Linspire, Redetect, and Diagnostics. Tip Caution
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Chapter 15 . Running Linspire 421 Linspire Hardware Requirements While Linspire is top notch when it comes to ease of use, it won t be very easy if your hardware doesn t work with the software. Linspire system requirements follow the product s keep it simple theme, and there is no discussion of RAID controllers or other such arcane items. Like any version of Linux, the minimum requirements are pretty sparse, but you need to make sure your PC meets them: . 800 MHz or faster processor Any processor that crosses this performance threshold will work. . 128MB of RAM This will get you by, but Linspire recommends you splurge and install 256MB or more of RAM for optimum performance. . Hard disk Linspire recommends a hard disk with 4GB of free space. . Video You need a color monitor capable of supporting a screen resolution of 1024 768. Some of the games and screen savers included with various packages or available from the CNR Warehouse require some kind of 3D graphics accelerator hardware. . Sound You need a Linspire-compatible soundcard with speakers and/or headphones. Check your soundcard at www.linspire.com/compatibility/ before beginning your installation. . Modem Your 56K, cable, or DSL modem also needs to be Linspire-compatible. Before beginning your installation, check your equipment at www.linspire .com/compatibility/. . Network card Any Ethernet card is acceptable. While Linspire does not specifically recommend it, you would be wise to check the hardware compatibility list to make sure your Ethernet adapter is supported. Like most flavors of Linux, the range of hardware supported is quite wide. If you find that your hardware is not on the supported devices list, check the hardware vendor s Web site for Debian drivers for your device. It is entirely possible that you can install the driver manually (if Linspire cannot configure it). To make sure that your hardware will work or to confirm that it will not, select the diagnostics option when booting from the Linspire CD. Running diagnostics shows you any errors relating to the configuration or detection of your hardware. Installing Linspire The Linspire installer is simple and effective. You select the appropriate option from the boot screen of the installation CD, and from that point on you pretty much follow the prompts. The entire installation usually takes 15 20 minutes to complete, depending on the speed of your computer and your CD drive. This walkthrough takes you through the installation and the initial startup process: Tip
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